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整理/王璟瑄制图/李晗为学日益，为道日损求知要一天比一天增加，求道要一天比一天淘汰（偏见和欲望）。“为学”是指知识和学问的积累，因此要做加法，以求广博富厚；“为道”是对世界普遍规则的领悟，因此要做减法，去除一切世俗偏见和小我私家欲望，做到无知无欲，进而到达“无为”。“为道日损”也是老子主张的治国理政基本原则，即制定政策必须简化易行，尽可能不滋扰民众的自然生活。这是道家“无为”理念的体现。 Pursue Knowledge by Adding; Pursue Dao by Subtracting Pursue knowledge by adding more each day. Pursue dao by subtracting some (bias and desires) each day. "Pursuing knowledge" refers to the accumulation of knowledge and wisdom, hence it uses addition to broaden and enrich. "Pursuing dao" refers to the understanding of universal principles, hence it uses subtraction to eliminate all bias and individualistic desires to get rid of unhealthy knowledge and undesirable wishes, which in turn achieves "non-action". Pursuing dao through subtraction is also a basic principle of governance advocated by Laozi. That is, established policies must be simple and easily implemented, and interfere as little as possible with the natural lives of people. This exemplifies the Daoist concept of "non-action". 引例为学日益，为道日损。损之又损，以至于无为。无为而无不为。取天下常以无事，及其有事，不足以取天下。（《老子·四十八章》）（求知要一天比一天增加，求道要一天比一天淘汰。淘汰再淘汰，直至到达“无为”的境地。如果能够做到“无为”，任何事情都可以做成。治理天下的人，要保持清净而不滋扰民众，如果施政繁苛、滋扰民众，那就不配治理天下。） In pursuing knowledge, add more each day. In pursuing Dao, subtract some (bias and desires) each day. Subtract and subtract, until you achieve "non-action". If you can achieve "non-action", you will be able to do anything. Those who govern the land must always do nothing that interferes with the people; if they interfere with the people through burdensome policies, they are not fit to govern the land. (Laozi) 王璟瑄李晗来源：中国青年报 2026年03月31日 01版

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